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Varangian Guardsmen from the Skylitzes ManuscriptOne section of the Skylitzes manuscript illustrates how the Varangian Guard, an elite mercenary unit mainly consisting of Scandinavians in Byzantine…
Article 'Runer i Hagia Sofia i Istanbul' by James E. KnirkDiscussion of the runes in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul from Nytt om runer 14 (1999), 26-27
9th century Viking graffiti in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul.Photograph of a Viking inscription in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. The Norse personal name -alftan (Halvdan) can be read here, but the rest of the runes…