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22. Vikings / The European Prospect, 1000
The Early Middle Ages, 284--1000 (HIST 210)
In the first part of this lecture, Professor Freedman discusses the emergence of the Vikings from Scandinavia in the ninth and tenth centuries. The Vikings were highly adaptive, raiding (the…
In the first part of this lecture, Professor Freedman discusses the emergence of the Vikings from Scandinavia in the ninth and tenth centuries. The Vikings were highly adaptive, raiding (the…
A modern version of a Norse rune stone from Qassiarsuk in South Greenland
Photograph of a reconstructed rune stone by Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland
An alternative interpretation of the Viking sundial artefact: an instrument to determine latitude and local noon
Balázs Bernáth et al have suggested that the Viking sun compass found at Uunartoq is a sun shadow board designed for determining local solar noon, because the gnomons on it contain errors that could lead to navigational problems.
Blog post: Debunking the "Vikings weren't victims of climate" myth
This blog post considers the evidence for Greenland being warmer when settled by Vikings than it is now.
Blog post: Three Vikings who were more interesting (and notorious) than Ragnar Lothbrok
A blog post about Hastein Ragnarsson, Leif Eiriksson, and Oleg of Novgorod. It discusses these three Vikings and provides some primary sources that provide information about them.
Church Ruin at Hvalsey in Greenland
Hvalsey church was probably built in the early 14th Century, and is located in the Norse settlement of Hvalsey (modern Qaqortoq). There are some indications it was built on the site of an earlier Norse church. Photo by David Trood - Visit Greenland
Cross in the interior of Tjodhilde's Church in Qassiarsuk
An image of the interior of the reconstructed church (or chapel) known as Tjodhilde's Church in Qassiarsuk, Southern Greenland by Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland
Eirik the Red's House Reconstructed
A photograph of the reconstructed Viking longhouse at Brattahlid (Norse Brattahlíð) in Greenland.
Errors on Viking sun compass hint at alternative purpose
A wooden fragment found at Uunartoq, Greenland, in 1948 has long been thought to be a sun compass that Vikings used to navigate. Balázs Bernáth, et al., from Eötvös University and Estrato Research and Development Ltd, both in Budapest, Hungary,…
Interior of the church ruins at Hvalsey
Photo by Ella Grødem - Visit Greenland
Interior of Viking long-house in Qassiarsuk (reconstruction)
Photograph of the interior of the reconstructed Viking long-house in Qassiarsuk by Camilla Hey - Visit Greenland
Leif Ericson on the ridge above Qassiarsuk in South Greenland
Photograph of the statue of the Norse explorer and settler Leif Ericson on the ridge above Qassiarsuk in South Greenland by Mads Pihl - Visit Greenland
Reconstruction of Tjodhilde's Church in Brattahlíð, Greenland
Tjodhild came to Greenland with her husband Erik the Red, founder of the first settlement in Greenland at Brattahlíð. The small church (or chapel) at Brattahlíð (Þjóðhildarkirkja) was named after her, and is…
Remains of Church at Qassiarsuk
The remains of a church from c.1300 at Quassiarsuk (Brattahlid / Brattahlíð) in Greenland. Remains of an earlier church were found under these remains. The church is surrounded by a turf wall.
Remains of the Viking Age church at Brattahlíð
Remains of the Viking Age church at Brattahlid (Brattahlíð). Thjodhild (Þjóðhild), Eirik the Red's wife, had the church built when she converted to Christianity. Areconstruction of the churchstands on the hillside…
Souvenir replica of Leifr Eiríksson Statue in Reykjavík
Replica of the Leifr Eiríksson (Leif Erikson) statue outside the Hallgrímskirkja in Reykjavík. Leifr led the expedition to Vinland in North America.
Statue of Leif Ericson in Qassiarsuk
Photograph of the statue of the Norse explorer and settler Leif Ericson (ON Leifr Eiríksson) in Qassiarsuk, Southern Greenland (Norse Brattahlíð) by Camilla Hey - Visit Greenland
Statue of Leif Erikson overlooking Brattahlid
Statue of Leif Eriksson overlooking Qassiarsuk / Brattahlid in Greenland
The interior of the reconstruction of Erik the Red's house
Photographs of the interior of the reconstructed Viking longhouse at Brattahlid (Norse Brattahlíð) in Greenland. The photographs show a number of reconstructions of everyday items. These include an upright loom, a drum, shoes, and clothes.
View into the interior of Thjodhild's Church
Thjodhild (Þjóðhild) had a church built in the Viking settlement of Brattahlíð (Qassiarsuk), Greenland. The reconstruction shows how the interior might have looked. It is small and would not have accommodated many people.